Operationalizing normal accident theory for safety-related computer systems
نویسنده
چکیده
Computer-related accidents have caused injuries and fatalities in mining as well as other indus tries. Normal accident theory (NAT) explains that some accidents are inevitable because of system complexity. NAT is a classic argument in organizational sociology although it has been criticized as having imprecise deWnitions and lacking criteria for quantifying complexity. These limitations are addressed by a unique approach that recasts this organizational theory into an engineering-based methodology to quantify NAT complexities of computer-based systems. In this approach complexity is categorized as external or internal. External complexity is deWned by the external behavior of a system, and is quantiWed by these dependent variables: system predictability, observability, and usability. Dependent variable data contain the perceptions of 32 subjects running simulations of a system. The system’s internal complexity is characterized by modeling system-level requirements with the software cost reduction (SCR) formal method. Model attributes are quantiWed using 15 graph-theoretical metrics—the independent variables. Five of 15 metrics are correlated with the dependent variables as evidenced by structure correlations exceeding 0.25, with standard errors <0.10 and a 95% conWdence interval. The results also show that the system predictability, observabil ity, and usability decreased as NAT complexities increased. This research takes a step forward in oper ationalizing NAT for computerized systems. The research beneWts mining and other industries as well.
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